Facilitation in sea anemones; the action of drugs.

The anti-biofilm effects of sponge (Callyspongia sp.) and two sea anemones (Zoanthus sansibaricus and Cerianthus lloydii) collected from the Persian Gulf

Background: Sponges and sea anemones do not have specialized defense organs. Instead, they rival harmful microorganisms by producing certain compounds. These compounds can also be useful against some human pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of bioactive products from these marine animals. Methods: Two species of sea anemone <e...

Sea Anemone (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) Toxins: An Overview

The Cnidaria phylum includes organisms that are among the most venomous animals. The Anthozoa class includes sea anemones, hard corals, soft corals and sea pens. The composition of cnidarian venoms is not known in detail, but they appear to contain a variety of compounds. Currently around 250 of those compounds have been identified (peptides, proteins, enzymes and proteinase inhibitors) and non...

Nerve Nets and Conducting Systems in Sea Anemones: Two Pathways Excite Tentacle Contractions in Calliactis Parasitica

1. Single shocks to the column sometimes evoke tentacle contractions, ranging from slight movement of a few scattered tentacles to rapid bending or shortening of all the tentacles. Some individuals are more responsive than others. Complex bursts of electrical activity follow single shocks, but only in tentacles that contract. 2. These single shocks excite pulses in two conducting systems the th...

Phylogenetic Relationships among Deep-Sea and Chemosynthetic Sea Anemones: Actinoscyphiidae and Actinostolidae (Actiniaria: Mesomyaria)

Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) are present in all marine ecosystems, including chemosynthetic environments. The high level of endemicity of sea anemones in chemosynthetic environments and the taxonomic confusion in many of the groups to which these animals belong makes their systematic relationships obscure. We use five molecular markers to explore the phylogenetic relationships of the sup...

The Effects of Ions and Drugs on Neuro- Muscular Preparations of Sea Anemones I. on Preparations of the Column of Calliactis and Metridium